Immigration to Belarus

Belarus, officially known as the Republic of Belarus in Eastern Europe, is located in the center of Europe in the water basins of the Baltic Sea and Black Sea. It is bordered by Russia to the north and east, Poland to the west, Lithuania and Latvia to the north and Ukraine to the South. The capital city of Belarus is Minsk, which is also the largest city of Belarus, it also happens to be one of the oldest cities of Europe. Minsk is the administration center and houses important institutions like the residence of the country’s President, the Administration office of the President, the Office of the Council of Ministers and the National Bank of Belarus, Consulates and other government offices. The population of Belarus as of 2023 is 9.00 million which is declining. Belarus occupies about 2% of the total area of Europe which is 207,600 km2. Belarus is a country of Rivers and lakes with more than 20,000 rivers and 11,000 rivers.

Belarus attracts more than a million tourists annually for its amazing unique forests, lakes and clean air. The life here is quite different from that of western Europe. Belarus is a country where emigration and immigration can be seen. People come to Belarus for family reunification, studies and doing Business. Many immigrants are from Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Many foreign labor migrants were invited to Belarus due to Labour shortages. In 2022, Belarus received close to 70,000 refugees from Ukraine, Poland, Latvia and Lithuania. As of now due to the ongoing political unrest and Ukraine war, visitors from many western countries are not visiting Belarus. Some countries like the United States, Canada and UK has put Belarus on its “Do not travel” list. Foreigner and visitors are advised to check the current situation and government laws prevailing at the time of travel so avoid unnecessary problems. Check the ban on entry to the Republic of Belarus and other immigration services, on the official Belarusian government website.

Belarus could be a good option for immigration for many individuals depending on their circumstances, preferences, and goals. The following factors will help you consider if living and working in Belarus is a good option for you.

• Economic Opportunities: Belarus has a developing economy with various industries, including manufacturing, agriculture, and technology. Job opportunities may be available for expats and immigrants, particularly for those in certain sectors.
• Cost of Living: For immigrants seeking to make the most of their budget, Belarus offers a cost of living that is typically lower than in many Western countries, making it an appealing choice for those considering immigration.
• Education and Healthcare: Immigrants find Belarus appealing because it provides free education and healthcare, making it a good choice for families with kids or people looking for quality medical services.
• Cultural Experience: Immigrants can experience a unique blend of Eastern European culture in Belarus, including traditional customs, cuisine, and festivals.
• Language: While Russian is the most commonly spoken language, Belarusian is also official. Learning either language can greatly enhance your experience and integration.
• Immigration Policies: In Belarus, various visas cater to different purposes like immigration, work, study, and family reunification. Check out the immigration policies and requirements that match your goals.
• Political and Social Environment: Like any country, Belarus has its political and social dynamics. Staying informed about the current situation and cultural norms is essential.
• Climate: Belarus experiences distinct seasons, with cold winters and warm summers. Consider whether this climate suits your preferences.
• Integration: Immigrants may find it helpful to integrate into local communities by participating in cultural events and learning the language.

Ultimately, whether Belarus is a good option for immigration depends on what you value and what you hope to achieve by relocating. It’s recommended to thoroughly research and consider all aspects before making such a significant decision. Consulting with immigration experts and individuals who have experience in Belarus can also provide valuable insights.

Traveling information 

International travelers and visitors are allowed in the Republic of Belarus. However Russian military operations are taking place in Belarus, therefore there is risk to travel to Belarus as conflicts may arise unexpectedly. As of now the security status in Belarus is “do not travel”. Due to the Russian-Ukraine conflict the to and fro flights from Minsk are very limited and it is suggested that whoever wants to leave Belarus should exit via the land borders with Poland, Latvia and Lithuania. Irish citizens wishing to exit by land from Minsk must get an exit request from the Police, if they had entered Belarus via Minsk Airport. Please check with the Belarus embassy or consulate in your country for the latest travel advice if you plan to visit Belarus. 

Travel to Belarus by Air: 

It is very convenient to enter Belarus by air. The National Airport of Minsk is the major national airport and the national air carrier is Belavia. There are daily flights from Minsk to Europe and major international airports around the world. There are five international airports in Belarus are: 

• Minsk international airport
• Mahillou airport
• Homiel airport
• Vitebsk Vostochnyy airport
• Brest airport

Apart from this there are seven military airports in Belarus. Major international airlines fly into Minsk International Airport which are:

• Etihad Airways (United Arab Emirates)
• Aeroflot (Russia)
• Аustrian Airlines
• Air Baltic (Latvia)
• Lufthansa (Germany)
• Air China
• Lot (Poland)

Travel to Belarus by Land:

Apart from Air, you can travel to Belarus by land from Europe and the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). There are many border crossings in Belarus and a good road network. Please note that the road signs are in Cyrillic and Latin script. 

Travel to Belarus by Train: 

The train services in Belarus are very well maintained and have a good network to many destinations within Belarus and other neighboring countries. The trains are very comfortable and reliable. The international trains have dedicated smoking areas. Minsk’s central station is the largest railway station in Europe and is open 24 hours a day. It has all the amenities including Pharmacy, locker, Games room, Bars and Restaurants. There are train services to Belarus from the following neighboring countries: 

• Russia – There are trains from Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia to Minsk and Brest, Belarus.
• Ukraine – There are overnight train services from Kyiv (Ukraine) to Minsk (Belarus)
• Poland – You can take a train from Warsaw (Poland) to Minsk and Brest in Belarus. Sometimes, you might need to switch trains depending on the route you select.
• Lithuania – There are train services from Vilnius, Lithuania to Minsk and other cities in Belarus.
• Latvia – You can take trains from Riga in Latvia to Belarus.

How to Immigrate to Belarus   

If you want to immigrate to Belarus, a set of procedures must be adhered to, and particular criteria must be met. Below is a broad outline of the fundamental immigration process:

• Choose the Right Visa Type: Determine the purpose of your stay in Belarus. Different types of visas are available, such as tourist, business, work, study, and family reunion visas. Select the one that aligns with your intentions.
• Gather Required Documents: Depending on the type of visa you’re applying for, you’ll need to gather supporting documents. Commonly required documents include a valid passport, completed visa application form, passport-sized photos, proof of travel insurance, and any other documents relevant to the type of visa. 
• Apply for a Visa: You can apply for a Belarusian visa at the nearest Belarusian embassy or consulate in your home country. Submit your application along with the required documents. Visa processing times vary, so apply well in advance of your planned travel.
• Health Insurance: Health insurance is mandatory for all visitors to Belarus. Make sure to have comprehensive health insurance coverage that will be valid during your stay. 
• Arrival in Belarus: Upon arrival in Belarus, you will need to go through immigration control. Make sure to have all your relevant documents ready for inspection by immigration officials.
• Temporary Residence Permit (if applicable): If you plan to stay in Belarus for an extended period, you might need to apply for a temporary residence permit. This applies to individuals intending to work, study, or stay with family members in Belarus. Check with the local migration authorities for details on the application process. 
• Registering Your Stay: Regardless of the type of visa, you are required to register your stay with the local authorities within five business days of arrival. If you’re staying at a hotel, they will usually take care of this registration for you. If you’re staying with relatives or friends, they will assist you with the registration process. 
• Permanent Residence and Citizenship (if desired): If you’re considering a more permanent move to Belarus, you might explore options for obtaining permanent residency or citizenship. This typically involves meeting certain residency and language proficiency requirements. Consult with legal experts or authorities in Belarus to understand the specific conditions and procedures.
• Language Skills: Having some knowledge of the Russian or Belarusian language can greatly enhance your experience in Belarus. While English is not as widely spoken as in some other countries, you’ll find that knowing some basic phrases can be quite helpful.
• Stay Informed: Immigration rules and regulations can change, so it’s important to stay updated on the latest information from official sources, such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus or the nearest Belarusian embassy/consulate.

Remember that the process can vary based on your individual circumstances and the type of visa you’re applying for. It’s recommended to consult official sources or legal experts in Belarus for the most accurate and up-to-date information tailored to your situation. 

The following are the various types of visas available for Belarus: 

• Tourist Visa: This type of visa is intended for individuals visiting Belarus for leisure or tourism purposes. It usually has a limited validity period.
• Business Visa: Business visas are issued to individuals who plan to visit Belarus for business meetings, conferences, negotiations, or other related activities.
• Transit Visa: Transit visas are meant for travelers passing through Belarus en route to another destination. They allow a short stay in Belarus during the transit process.
• Work Visa: Work visas are for individuals who have a job offer from a Belarusian employer and intend to work in the country. They usually require an employment contract or an invitation from the employer.
• Student Visa: Students who wish to pursue education in Belarus can apply for a student visa. They need to provide admission letters from Belarusian educational institutions.
• Private Visa: Private visas are for individuals who plan to visit their relatives or friends in Belarus. An invitation from the inviting party is typically required.
• Humanitarian Visa: This type of visa is issued for individuals participating in humanitarian activities, such as volunteering, charitable work, or cultural exchange programs.
• Investor Visa: Investors who are planning to invest in Belarus can apply for an investor visa. Proof of investment plans and financial resources is usually required.
• Journalist Visa: Journalists and media professionals who need to cover events or stories in Belarus can apply for a journalist visa.
• Diplomatic and Official Visas: These visas are issued to diplomats, officials, and representatives of international organizations who are on official missions to Belarus.
• Cultural and Sports Visa: Individuals participating in cultural events, performances, exhibitions, or sports competitions can apply for this type of visa.
• Religious Visa: Religious workers and individuals participating in religious activities can apply for a religious visa.

It’s important to note that visa types and requirements can change, so it’s recommended to consult the official website of the Belarusian embassy or consulate in your country for the most up-to-date information before applying. 

People 

The people of Belarus are called Belarusians. They come from various different origins and have a history that goes back a very long time. They have their own language and customs that make them special. Over time, they’ve faced challenges but have kept their unique culture alive. Many Belarusians used to live in the countryside and some still do, while others live in cities. They enjoy things like art, books, and music that show their history. Nowadays, Belarusians are part of modern life and the global world, working to make their country better. Belarusians are known for their diverse and resilient nature. The Belarusian people are known for their ability to adapt and overcome challenges. They have a strong connection to their traditions and language. Overall, they are a people with a rich cultural heritage and a strong sense of identity.

People in Belarus wear special clothes that show their history and culture. Women wear long skirts, decorated blouses, and colorful scarves. Men wear shirts with designs, pants, and belts. These clothes are important because they show the Belarusian way of dressing and their traditions. Most Belarusians like food. Traditional Belarusian cuisine includes dishes like draniki (potato pancakes), kalduny (dumplings), and borscht (beet soup). Food is important in their culture and they often eat together. In Belarus, most people follow Christianity, with the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholicism being the main ones. Other than Christianity, religions including Judaism, Islam, and different types of Protestantism are followed in Belarus. Belarusians are generally welcoming to foreigners. They are known for their friendliness and hospitality towards visitors from other countries. Most of the Belarusians are open and kind to people from different cultures.

Job offers in Belarus 

Belarus has a diverse economy with industries like manufacturing, agriculture and services. There are job opportunities for expats in different sectors. Expats can find jobs in the tourism industry in Belarus. They might work in hotels, guiding tours, planning events, or promoting tourism. Expats with experience in hospitality, customer service, or cultural knowledge could find roles that cater to both international and domestic tourists. Some international websites that are commonly used to search for job offers in Belarus are:

• Careerjet
• LinkedIn
• Glassdoor
• Indeed
• JobsinNetwork
• Learn4Good – This platform lists job opportunities across various industries in Belarus and other countries.
• Expat.com – A community platform for expatriates that includes job listings, forums, and advice for living and working abroad.
• EURES – The European Job Mobility Portal offers information about job opportunities in European countries, including Belarus.

Remember to tailor your job search to your skills and industry. Additionally, consider checking local job boards, and company websites, and connecting with professional networks to discover more opportunities specific to your field of interest.  The following is the approximate salary scale for expats in Belarus: 

• High-Skilled Jobs: Expats in specialized fields like IT, engineering, and management can earn $1,000 to $3,000+ monthly.
• Teaching and Education: English teachers may make $800 to $1,500 per month.
• Entry-Level Positions: Entry-level salaries range from $500 to $1,000 per month.

The above figures are approximate and can change. Consider the industry, job role, and cost of living when evaluating salary offers. For accurate details, refer to local job listings and expat resources. A popular Belarusian website where you can find job listings with the salary offered is rabota.by

 The following documents are required to get a job in Belarus. 

• Valid Passport
• Work Visa
• Job Offer
• Qualifications (Academic and professional credentials required for the job)
• Resume (resume highlighting your skills and experience)
• Language Proficiency (Language certificates if required for the job)
• Health Insurance (Proof of health insurance coverage during your stay)
• Criminal Record Check (A clean criminal record check from your home country)
• Medical Examination (A health check or medical certificate may be required)
• Passport-sized Photos
• Application Forms (Completed visa and work permit application forms)
• Proof of Accommodation (Documentation showing where you’ll be residing in Belarus)
• References (Professional references or letters of recommendation)
• Financial Proof (Proof of financial stability or ability to support yourself)

Some documents can vary depending on the nationality, job type, and individual circumstances

Education

The education system in Belarus is well-structured and emphasizes academic excellence. Compulsory education spans from ages 6 to 15, and it includes primary and secondary levels. The country offers a wide range of subjects and extracurricular activities, fostering a comprehensive learning experience. While homeschooling is not common in Belarus, traditional school attendance is the norm. 

For immigrants and international students, Belarus provides opportunities for both school and university education. International students are welcome in Belarusian universities, offering diverse courses taught in various languages. The country is known for its quality medical and engineering programs, attracting students from around the world. Popular international universities in Belarus include Belarusian State University, Belarusian National Technical University, and Vitebsk State Medical University. In terms of schools, there are a few international institutions catering to the expatriate community. The International School of Minsk and QSI International School of Minsk are notable options, providing education in English. These schools offer a curriculum similar to that of Western countries and accommodate the needs of foreign students.  Overall, Belarus maintains a strong commitment to education, making it an attractive destination for immigrants and international students seeking quality learning experiences. 

EDU Belarus will help international students choose an appropriate university. It provides information about universities, programs, admission procedures, and other relevant details. This platform can be a helpful resource for those considering higher education in Belarus. 

Unemployment Rate          

As of July 2023, the number of employed individuals in Belarus decreased slightly to 4,147,000 from 4,148,100 in June 2023, reflecting a small dip in employment figures. In 2022, Belarus saw a decline in its unemployment rate, which dropped to 3.6% from the 3.9% recorded in 2021, marking the lowest level of unemployment since 2013. According to Trading Economics, there is an expectation that the unemployment rate in Belarus will increase to 5.00% by the end of 2023, as per their global macro models and analyst predictions. However, the economic conditions and labor market dynamics can change unexpectedly due to political developments, global economic trends, and social factors.

Economy of Belarus

Belarus’ economy, as indicated by official World Bank data, recorded a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $72.79 billion in 2022, contributing 0.03 percent to the global economy. This economic outlook is further anticipated to grow, with Trading Economics’ global macro models and analyst projections suggesting a GDP of $73.01 billion by the close of 2023. Looking ahead, economic forecasts indicate a gradual upward trend, with GDP potentially reaching $73.88 billion in 2024 and $74.48 billion in 2025, according to econometric models.

One of the key drivers of Belarus’ economy has historically been its manufacturing sector, with a strong presence in machinery, chemicals, and electronics. Additionally, the country’s strategic location as a transit route for goods between Europe and Asia has been advantageous. Belarus has also maintained close economic ties with Russia, receiving energy subsidies and benefiting from trade agreements. However, challenges tied to state control, limited market reforms, and political tensions have raised concerns about its long-term economic prospects.  Notably, Belarus has achieved a remarkable feat in keeping inflation in check, with the annual inflation rate dropping to a historic low of 2.3% in August 2023, down from 2.7% in July of the same year. This was primarily driven by declining prices for non-food items, while the costs for food items moderated. Meanwhile, service costs experienced a slight uptick. On a monthly basis, consumer prices showed a slight decline of 0.3%, following a 0.3% increase in the previous period, reflecting the country’s efforts to maintain price stability amidst economic challenges.

Belarus adopts a comprehensive foreign economic policy, actively engaging with over 200 countries worldwide. The country is steadily increasing its presence in the global services market, with a significant focus on exporting its goods, constituting more than 60% of its manufactured products and reflecting characteristics commonly found in highly developed economies. Belarus boasts a diverse range of major exports, spanning industries such as petrochemicals, machinery, metallurgy, wood processing, light industry, dairy and meat products, furniture, glass, glass fiber, and cement. These exports have played a pivotal role in sustaining Belarus’ economic growth. Notably, Belarus maintains robust trade relations with key partners like Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania, China, and Poland, highlighting its commitment to nurturing economic ties on a global scale.

Renting and buying of real estate for foreigners

Buying: 

Citizens from any country worldwide have the legal right to purchase and utilize real estate in Belarus. Once the purchase transaction is completed, foreign buyers receive a certificate of ownership, granting them full ownership rights over the property. However, there are specific considerations to note when a foreign national intends to buy a private house with accompanying land. According to Belarusian legislation, foreign citizens are ineligible to own land directly; instead, they have the right to lease it. Consequently, after the transaction, the foreign buyer becomes the owner solely of the residential structure and is allowed to utilize the land based on a lease agreement. 

It’s important to mention that Belarusian law does not impose limitations on the types of real estate foreign citizens can purchase; both residential and commercial properties are accessible for foreign ownership. Furthermore, foreigners can explore mortgage options to finance property acquisitions in Belarus. Nevertheless, there exist certain restrictions, such as the prohibition on owning agricultural land. The property market in Belarus offers a broad spectrum of options, including city apartments and rural residences, which are legally owned by foreign buyers. 

Hiring a good real estate agent is advisable. The agent’s fee is typically around 1% to 2% of the property price. They can assist you in finding a property that matches your needs and budget and handle the necessary legal procedures. Once you’ve chosen a property, a preliminary contract is signed, and a deposit of 10% to 20% of the property price is paid. After the contract is approved by the local committee, the final contract is signed by a notary and registered in the state’s real estate register. The notary fee is approximately 0.01% to 0.03%, and the registration fee is 0.01% of the property price. For more detailed and technical information on how a foreigner can purchase property in Belarus, please visit: minskherald.com

Climate

Belarus has a temperate continental climate with all four major seasons:

• Spring: From March to May. It is the driest season
• Summer: June till August. Its long, warm and sunny. However, it can rain anytime. Summer is the best time to visit Belarus as all tourist spots are open. From May to August, the sun shines for just over half the time.
• Autumn: From September to November. During this time there is lots of rain and snow. Tourism is less.
• Winter: December to February. The whole country experiences snowfall. If you love winter activities, then this is best time to visit Belarus. Belarus gets 75-125 days of snow each year, with falls ranging from 15 to 30 cm. The sun is rarely seen from November to February.

Languages of Belarus

The official languages of Belarus are Russian and Belarusian. Belarusian is the mother tongue of 53% of the population and Russian is the mother tongue of 41.5% of the population. Russian is widely used in education and public life than Russian.

The other languages spoken in Belarus are Polish, Ukrainian, Eastern Yiddish and Trasianka. Trasianka is a mix of the structures and vocabulary of Russian and Belarusian languages that is spoken rapidly. English and German are also freely spoken by the most of the population.

Traffic

The roads in Belarus is generally well-maintained, with lighter traffic compared to other European countries. However, potential hazards are Potholes and poorly lit streets, Pedestrians walking on unlit roads especially in the nights and adverse weather conditions mainly in winter months.

Here are some basic traffic rules in Belarus:

• Driving side: Drive on the right-hand side of the road.
• Speed limits: The speed limit is 60 km/h in towns, 90 km/h outside towns, and up to 120 km/h on motorways. Novice drivers are restricted to 70 km/h outside urban areas.
• Seat belts: All passengers must wear seat belts at all times.
• Children: Children under 12 years old cannot travel in the front seat and must be in a suitable child restraint.
• Mobile phones: You cannot use a mobile phone while driving, except with a hands-free system.
• Alcohol: It is illegal to drive with any alcohol in your system. The legal blood alcohol limit is 0.0.
• Winter tires: Winter tires are mandatory from November 1 to March 1.
• Motorcycles: Wear a crash helmet when riding a motorcycle.
• Lights: Motorcycles and vehicles carrying children, heavy loads, or hazardous materials must have their lights on during the day.
• Equipment: You must carry a high-visibility vest, a warning triangle, and a first aid kit in your vehicle.

Foreign nationals can drive in Belarus, provided they have the following documents:

• An international driving permit (IDP) is recommended, along with a valid license from the home country.
• Original documents proving ownership of the vehicle. Photocopies are not accepted.
• Valid insurance policy, such as a Green Card.
• Permission from the communication agency for any radio or satellite communication devices in the vehicle

Currency

The official currency of Belarus is the Belarusian Ruble (BYN). The symbol for the Belarusian Ruble is (Br). The currency is divided into 100 kopecks (капейка in Belarusian). The National Bank of the republic of Belarus (NBRB) issues and regulates the currency. The Belarusian Ruble has historically faced fluctuations due to economic challenges such as inflation and sanctions. As of now the currency is weaker compared to major global currencies like the US Dollar and Euro.

The Belarusian Ruble is available in Banknotes in the following denominations:
5 BYN, 10 BYN, 20 BYN, 50 BYN, 100 BYN, 200 BYN, and 500 BYN.

The Belarusian Ruble is available in Coins in the following denominations:
1 Kopeck, 2 Kopecks, 5 Kopecks, 10 Kopecks, 20 Kopecks, 50 Kopecks, 1 Ruble & 2 Rubles

The Belarusian Ruble is not pegged to a single major foreign currency but is influenced by the Russian Ruble due to Belarus’s close economic ties with Russia.

Summary

Belarus, a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, is bordered by Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. Known for its vast forests and scenic countryside, Belarus features a rich cultural heritage reflected in its traditional music, dance, and architecture. Its economy is primarily industrial, with a focus on machinery, agriculture, and energy, and it maintains close economic ties with Russia. Politically, Belarus is a republic with a centralized government, though it has faced international scrutiny over its democratic processes. As a tourist destination, it attracts visitors with its UNESCO World Heritage sites, such as the Mir Castle and Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park, as well as its historical towns and vibrant festivals. Belarus appeals to immigrants due to its affordable cost of living, quality public services, and work opportunities in sectors like IT and manufacturing. Most immigrants in Belarus come from Russia, Ukraine, and other neighboring post-Soviet countries, drawn by cultural and linguistic similarities.